KALYAN CITY BLOG

Inventions and Discoveries by Scientist - A to Z List Adding Machine , 1642. Inventor : Blaise Pascal (France) (1623-62). Earliest commercial machine invented by William Burroughs (U.S.) in St. Louis, Missouri in 1885. Addressograph , 1893. Inventor : J.S. Duncan (U.S.). Manufactured in Chicago, Illinois. Airplane , 1903. Inventors: Orville Wright (1871-1948) and Wilbur Wright (1867-1912), (U.S.) Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Airship (non-rigid), 1852. Inventor : Henri Giffard (France) (1825-82). Steam-powered propeller flew over Paris (1852). Airship (rigid) , 1900. Inventor : Graf Ferdinand von Zeppelin (Germany) (1838- 1917). Bodensee. Antiseptic , 1867. Inventor : Dr. Joseph Lister (England). Arc Lamp , 1879. Inventor : C.F. Brush (U.S.) (1849-1929). Cleveland, Ohio. Argon , 1894. Discoverers : Sir William Ramsay and Baron Ray Leigh (Great Britain). Aspirin , 1899. Inventor : Dr. Felix Hoffman, Germany. Atom Bomb , 1945. Inventor : Julius Robert Oppenheimer (U.S) (1904-1...

What is Nanotechnology? ↓ Nanotechnology refers to a field of applied science whose theme is the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology is approximately 100 nanometers or smaller and involves developing materials or devices within that size. Nanotechnology is a highly multidisciplinary field, drawing from a number of fields such as applied physics, materials science, interface and colloid science, device physics, supramolecular chemistry, self-replicating machines and robotics, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biological engineering, and electrical engineering. Image Credits © Picatinny Arsenal Two main approaches are used in nanotechnology. In the 'bottom-up' approach, materials and devices are built from molecular components which assemble themselves chemically by principles of molecular recognition. In the 'top-down' approach, nano-objects are constructed from larger entities without atomic-level control. The imp...

What is Genetically Modified (GM) Food? Genetically modified (GM) foods, more accurately called Genetically Engineered Foods, are foods that have had their DNA altered through genetic engineering. Unlike conventional genetic modification that is carried out through conventional breeding and that have been consumed for thousands of years, GE foods were first put on the market in the early 1990s. The most common modified foods are derived from plants e.g. soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil. Controversies surrounding GM foods and crops commonly focus on human and environmental safety, labeling and consumer choice, intellectual property rights, ethics, food security, poverty reduction, and environmental conservation. Development of GM Foods and Crops ↓ The first commercially grown genetically modified whole food crop was the tomato, which was made more resistant to rotting by Californian company Calgene . Calgene was allowed to release the tomatoes into the market in 19...

What is Laser? Meaning A laser is an optical device that emits coherent light (electromagnetic radiation). The term LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation . Image credits © Fatllama Typically, lasers are thought of as emitting light in a narrow, low-divergence beam, with a narrow wavelength spectrum (monochromatic light). Lasers need not have either characteristic, however, it is the coherence of the laser's output that is distinctive. Most other light sources emit incoherent light, which has a phase that varies randomly with time and position. Uses and application of Laser The first application of lasers visible in the daily lives of the general population was the supermarket barcode scanner, introduced in 1974. The laserdisc player, introduced in 1978, was the first successful consumer product to include a laser, but the compact disc player was the first laser-equipped device to become truly common in consumers...

What is a Semiconductor? A semiconductor is a solid material that has electrical conductivity in between a conductor and an insulator; it can vary over that wide range either permanently or dynamically. Semiconductors are important in electronic technology. Semiconductor devices, electronic components made of semiconductor materials, are essential in modern consumer electronics, including computers, mobile phones, and digital audio players. Silicon is used to create most semiconductors commercially, but dozens of other materials are used as well. What are Semiconductor Devices? Semiconductor devices are electronic components that exploit the electronic properties of semiconductor materials, principally silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide. Semiconductor devices have replaced thermionic devices (vacuum tubes) in most applications. They use electronic conduction in the solid state as opposed to the gaseous state or thermionic emission in a high vacuum. Semiconductor devices ...

Basic Physics Terminology For Science Students ↓ Absolute Zero or zero on the absolute temperature scale is the lowest temperature theoretically possible and is equal to -273.15°C or -459.67°F. Adiabatic process is a process in which no heat enters or leaves a system. An adiabatic expansion results in cooling of a gas whereas an adiabatic compression has the opposite effect. Advection is a process of transfer of atmospheric properties by horizontal motion in the atmosphere. Alpha Decay is a radioactive disintegration process in which the parent nucleus decays spontaneously into an alpha particle and a daughter nucleus. Alpha particle is the nucleus of a helium atom carrying a positive charge of 2e. Alternating current is an electric current that periodically reverses its direction in the circuit, with a frequency independent of the constants of the circuit. Amplitude , is the peak value of an alternating quantity in either the positive or negative direction and is particul...